Anglerfish Torrent

There are 40 images of fish in black and white x-ray vision, including a Winghead shark, a Pancake batfish, triggerfish, Porcupine puffer, a deep sea anglerfish, torrent loaches (below) and Coelacanth.

Anglerfish torrent

Mitochondrial lncRNAs have been identified and investigated in Atlantic cod [2]. Here, lncCR-H and lncCR-L correspond to different strands of the mitochondrial control region (CR). Both lncRNAs are clearly expressed and appear to generate small stable mitochondrial RNA (mitosRNA) [2, 6, 11, 12]. We recently reported low-level substitution heteroplasmy of the anglerfish Lophius piscatorius based on SOLiD deep sequencing [13]. As part of a study to generate a full reference genome and transcriptome for L. piscatorius, we here present the complete mitochondrial genome and key features of the corresponding mitochondrial transcriptome.

Here we provide the complete mitochondrial genome sequence and key features of the corresponding transcriptome of the anglerfish L. piscatorius. We found all canonical mitochondrial genes to be expressed. Mt-rRNAs were clearly more abundant than mRNAs. Two lncRNAs (lncCR-L and lncCR-H) mapped to the mitochondrial CR, a finding that corroborates recent reports of Atlantic cod and human cells [2, 18]. Interestingly, we identified a novel and highly abundant antisense RNA (lncCOI). Finally, we present feature support for the encoding of a humanin-like peptide within the mt-LSU rRNA.

Reports in mammals conclude that the humanin peptide has important roles in cellular signaling [19, 25,26,27]. Previously we presented evidence supporting the encoding of humanin-like peptides in Domain IV of the mt-LSU rRNA in gadiform fishes [2], and similar features have recently been reported in avians [28]. Here we show that several anglerfishes, including all Lophius species where mtDNA sequences are available, possess humanin-like ORFs. How vertebrate humanin is translated is under debate, but different scenarios may be considered; (1) The humanin ORF is recognized in mt-rRNA by mitochondrial ribosomes and translated in mitochondria. This scenario is supported by a recent study in rat [26]. (2) Translation may also occur in cytosolic ribosomes, which would require mitochondrial export. Interestingly, a chimeric mt-LSU rRNA (lncRNA SncmtRNA) was reported to be expressed in human proliferating cells and localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus [29, 30]. (3) Humanin may also be expressed from a nuclear copy of mt-LSU rRNA (Numt sequence). Studies from human cells provide support for the expression of nuclear-encoded humanin isoforms [31]. The latter scenario may explain why most, but not all, fish species have intact humanin-like ORFs in Domain IV.

In addition, they have no planktonic (free-swimming) larval stage that many species use for dispersal, so populating new areas is difficult. This combination of characteristics raises a red flag for extinction risk when habitat loss is involved. The red handfish faces a torrent of threats centred around declining habitat due to human impact. Degraded seaweed and seagrass (which are important for shelter and spawning substrate), ever-encroaching sea urchin barrens, the unknown impacts of a changing climate, and multiple other stressors combine to threaten it with extinction.

Select all that apply. Which of the following are considered to be "next-generation" sequencing technologies? A. Automated pyrosequencing B. Ion torrent sequencing (life technologies machines)C. Sequencing by ligation (applied bio systems machines)D. ABU 3730E. Sequencing by synthesis 041b061a72